Airport Localizer Beacons, 3-meter frangible masts, 5-meter wind sock frangible masts, and 12-meter frangible monitoring light poles are all specialized airport facilities designed to be frangible or breakaway. The core design objective is to absorb impact energy through their own fracture or deformation in the event of an accidental aircraft collision, thereby reducing damage to the aircraft structure and injuries to personnel, while maintaining the basic functionality of airport ground equipment. Below is a detailed introduction:

I. Core Design Principle: Balancing Frangibility and Functionality

The key characteristic of frangible/breakaway masts is **"directional fracture"**—when subjected to a specific impact force (typically ≤20kN, complying with ICAO standards), the mast or its connection points fracture along a predetermined path rather than resisting rigidly. At the same time, they must meet structural strength requirements for daily use, withstand natural loads such as wind, rain, and snow, and ensure the stable operation of equipment (e.g., beacons, wind socks, monitoring lights).

II. Types and Application Scenarios

1. Airport Localizer Beacon Frangible Mast

Function: Supports localizer beacon equipment (a radio navigation facility for guiding aircraft during approach and landing), installed at critical navigation areas at runway ends or alongside.

Frangibility Design: The mast typically features a segmented structure with frangible joints (e.g., thin-walled aluminum alloy connecting sections, specialized shear bolts) at the base or middle. During a collision, the joints fracture first, preventing the beacon equipment from being forcibly pulled and damaged, while reducing reactive forces on the aircraft.

Specifications: Height is customized based on beacon installation requirements (usually 3–8 meters), with materials often being lightweight high-strength aluminum alloy or fiberglass composite, balancing corrosion resistance and frangibility.

2. 3-Meter Frangible Mast

Application: Commonly used to support small airport ground equipment, such as runway edge lights, taxiway marker lights, and small meteorological sensors, installed in low-risk collision areas (e.g., runway edges, apron peripheries) where aircraft taxi, take off, or land.

Features: Slim mast diameter (50–100mm), made of fiberglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) or modified PVC, offering some flexibility to bend and break upon impact, with no sharp edges after fracture.

3. 5-Meter Wind Sock Frangible Mast

Function: Supports wind socks (meteorological equipment indicating wind direction and speed), typically installed at runway ends, aprons, or open areas along airport boundaries.

Frangibility: The mast is made of low-strength aluminum alloy or degradable composite materials, designed to fracture brittly at the middle or base when subjected to lateral forces (e.g., aircraft wing collision), preventing the wind sock and支架 from entangling aircraft components.

Structural Advantage: Lightweight top (wind sock weight ≤1kg), base fixed with anti-pullout design (stable for daily use), with post-fracture residual height ≤30cm, meeting airport obstacle-free requirements.

4. 12-Meter Frangible Monitoring Light Pole

Application: Used to support perimeter surveillance cameras and high-altitude lighting fixtures, installed inside airport fences or at remote runway areas requiring broad monitoring/illumination.

Frangibility Design: Employs a **"rigid top, flexible bottom" segmented structure**—upper section (8–10 meters) made of high-strength steel (ensuring equipment stability), lower section (2–4 meters) with a frangible segment (e.g., thin-walled steel tube + shear pin connection). Upon impact, the lower section fractures first, causing the upper structure to topple entirely (rather than rigidly resisting), reducing impact force on the aircraft.

Additional Features: Some models integrate lightning protection grounding systems, with surface anti-corrosion treatment (suitable for outdoor airport environments). The frangible segment can be quickly replaced after fracture, minimizing equipment downtime.

III. Key Technical Standards

International Standards: Complies with ICAO "Annex 14 to the Convention on International Civil Aviation" requirements for frangible equipment, stipulating that masts must fracture below 1.5 meters height under impact forces ≤22kN, with residual parts posing no hazardous obstruction.

Domestic Standards: Follows GB 500014-2021 "Technical Standards for Civil Airport Airfield Areas," specifying parameters such as material strength, fracture load, and installation height for frangible masts to ensure alignment with airport airfield safety levels.

IV. Core Advantages

Safety: Through preset fracture point design, minimizes damage risk during aircraft collisions, making them essential safety facilities in airport "low-risk collision zones."

Practicality: Balances equipment support functionality with environmental adaptability (wind resistance, corrosion resistance, weather resistance), meeting 24/7 airport operational needs.

Maintainability: Frangible segments are standardized components, allowing quick replacement after fracture with low repair costs and no disruption to normal airport operations.