Concrete is widely used in construction, bridges, roads, water conservancy, and other engineering fields due to its high strength, convenient construction, and cost-effectiveness, resulting in a massive inventory. However, as time passes, a large number of concrete structures suffer from damage, corrosion, and aging, especially those in marine environments, where the corrosion rate can be 4 to 5 times higher than on land. Applying surface coating protection to concrete is an effective measure to prevent facility aging risks and extend service life, which is of great significance for ensuring safety in production, promoting technological research and development, and safeguarding the national economy. Currently, various types of concrete anti-corrosion coatings, including surface film-forming inorganic or organic coatings, as well as penetrating and composite sealing coatings, have been widely applied in China's construction, roads, bridges, dams, marine engineering, and other fields. Their anti-corrosion effectiveness, technical specifications, construction convenience, and application adaptability continue to improve. Looking ahead, to better adapt to various service environments, in-depth research on the environmental adaptability and weather resistance of coatings is necessary. On this basis, the development of higher-performance composite coatings, such as those with micro-crack self-healing capabilities and integrated multi-protective functions, will be a key focus of future research. This will contribute to the safer and more efficient development of China's infrastructure, energy, and public services sectors.